The root element must have 3 attributes. For lang_from and lang_to the value is a 3-letter language code according to ISO 639.2 standand http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/ and represents the language of key-phrases and definitions respectively. The format attribute specifies the default formatting for the dictionary and might be either "visual" or "logical". The default format might be overwritten for specific articles as described below. In visual format the articles are formatted visually and are intended to be shown by dictionary programs (shells) as is without inserting or removing any spaces or EOLs. However, shells may mark with different colors the content of logical tags. In logical format the articles are not formatted visually and shells are responsible for formating them before presenting them to the user. Full name of the dictionary, like it would appear on the book cover. It may contain non-English symbols. Description of the dictionary in free words. It is recommended to include the following: Copyright, License, From where this file can be downloaded, From where can be downloaded the unformatted file, i.e. the original dictionary file before the conversion into XDXF format, From where the original unformatted dictionary file was obtained, Link to the script which was used to convert the original unformatted dictionary file into XDXF format. section is a list of tags. It describes abbreviations used in the dictionary. The tag defines an abbreviation and contains two types of tags: (k stands for key-phrase) The abbreviated text. (v stands for value) The full text. Note that there may be more than one per to specify synonyms like "Ave." and "Av.", but tag can be only one. The tag groups together all the stuff related to one headword. The following tags are allowed only in between tags. Key phrase is a phrase by which an article containing it can be found. Article may contain more than one key phrase. Tag may not be nested in another . Marks optional part of key-phrase, if any. Tag might be used only in between tags. Marks transcription. This tag marks Direct Translation of the key-phrase. Reference to another key-phrase, which is located in the same file. Reference to a Resource file, which is located in the same folder. Optional attributes are necessary for audio and video files, when the reference points to a certain part of a large file. The attribute "start" specifies position in the file of the first byte of the chunk of interest, and "size" specifies its length in bytes. If the "start" attribute is omitted then it is assumed that it is 0. If the "size" attribute is omitted then it is assumed that the file should be played up to the end. Reference to an Internet resource. Marks an abbreviation that is listed in the section. Marks the text of an example. (usually shown in a different color by the program) Marks the text of an editorial comment. (comments are usually shown in a different color by the program) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Marks the headword. Must contain one and only one only. No attributes. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Marks a definition or a group of definitions which fall into a certain category. May contain zero or more abr|antonym|auxiliary|co|def|dtrn|em|etym|ex|field|gender|idiom|iref|k|kref|m|proverb|rref|style|synonym|tr|usage. Possible attributes: attribute meaning [value examples] --------- ----------------------- l label of this (group of) definition [a,b,c...] [A,B,C...] [1,2,3...] pos part of speech or word class [noun, verb, auxiliary verb, adjective, adverb, pronoun, (in)definite article, pre-/postposition, conjunction, interjection, measure, quantifier] transitivity whether (or not) the verb takes an object [(in)transitive] separability for German verbs with prefix [(in)separable] or English phrasal verbs [intransitive, inseparable, obligatory, optional] reflexivity [(non)reflexive] ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Marks a morphological derivative (for example for 'be': 'be', 'am', 'are', 'is', 'was', 'were', 'been' or 'being') or a group of morphological derivatives which fall into a certain category. May contain zero or more abr|co|def|dtrn|etym|ex|iref|k|kref|m|rref|style|tr. Possible attributes: attribute meaning [value examples] --------- ----------------------- pos part of speech or word class [noun, verb, auxiliary verb, adjective, adverb, pronoun, (in)definite article, pre-/postposition, conjunction, interjection, measure, quantifier] gender [masculine, feminine, neuter] number [singular, dual, plural] case [nominative, accusative, dative, genitive, vocative] person [1,2,3] verbal [infinitive, participle, gerund] mood [indicative, conditional, subjunctive, imperative] tense [past, present, future] aspect [(im)perfective] definiteness [(in)definite] voice [active, passive] degree [positive, comparative, superlative] ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ etymology May contain zero or more abr|co|dtrn|em|ex|iref|k|kref|quote|rref|source|tr. No attributes. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ contains the verbal auxiliary with which to form compound tenses [être, avoir], [sein, haben] May contain zero or more abr|co|style. No attributes. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ wise in practical affairs displaying cleverness INGENIOUS clever in concealing one's aims or ends FURTIVE the sly fox lacking in straightforwardness and candor DISSEMBLING a sly scheme lightly mischievous ROGUISH a sly jest a sly smile on the sly in a manner intended to avoid notice SLY, CUNNING, CRAFTY, WILY, TRICKY, FOXY, ARTFUL, SLICK mean attaining or seeking to attain one's ends by guileful or devious means. SLY implies furtiveness, lack of candor, and skill in concealing one's aims and methods a sly corporate raider. CUNNING suggests the inventive use of sometimes limited intelligence in overreaching or circumventing the cunning fox avoided the trap. CRAFTY implies cleverness and subtlety of method a crafty lefthander. WILY implies skill and deception in maneuvering the wily fugitive escaped the posse. TRICKY is more likely to suggest shiftiness and unreliability than skill in deception and maneuvering a tricky political operative. FOXY implies a shrewd and wary craftiness usually involving devious dealing a foxy publicity man planting stories. ARTFUL implies indirectness in dealing and often connotes sophistication or cleverness elicited the information by artful questioning. SLICK emphasizes smoothness and guile slick operators selling time-sharing. slyly slyness that [th]æt[th]ət Middle English, from Old English thæt, neut. relative pronoun, from thæt, neuter demonstrative pronoun used as a function word to introduce a restrictive relative clause and to serve as a substitute within that clause for the substantive modified by the clause the house that Jack built I'll make a ghost of him that lets meShakespeare at which in which on which by which with which to which each year that the lectures are given according to what to the extent of what used after a negative has never been here that I know of that which the person who That, which, who: In current usage that refers to persons or things, which chiefly to things and rarely to subhuman entities, who chiefly to persons and sometimes to animals. The notion that that should not be used to refer to persons is without foundation; such use is entirely standard. Because that has no genitive form or construction, of which or whose must be substituted for it in contexts that call for the genitive. That, which: Although some handbooks say otherwise, that and which are both regularly used to introduce restrictive clauses in edited prose. Which is also used to introduce nonrestrictive clauses. That was formerly used to introduce nonrestrictive clauses; such use is virtually nonexistent in present-day edited prose, though it may occasionally be found in poetry. Example 2 A couple of atricles to illustrate the logical format of XDXF (http://xdxf.sourceforge.net/). eng. engineering Mutter feminine Mütter mother eng. Muttern nut übersetzen ˈyːbərsɛtsən haben to take sy/sg across (a river) sein to cross (a river) yːbərˈsɛtsənhaben übersetzenyːbərˈsɛtsən übersetzendyːbərˈsɛtsənt übersetztyːbərˈsɛtst übersetzeyːbərˈsɛtsə übersetztyːbərˈsɛtst übersetztyːbərˈsɛtst übersetzenyːbərˈsɛtsən übersetztyːbərˈsɛtst übersetzenyːbərˈsɛtsən übersetzteyːbərˈsɛtsə übersetztestyːbərˈsɛtstəst übersetzteyːbərˈsɛtsə übersetzenyːbərˈsɛtstən übersetztetyːbərˈsɛtstət übersetzenyːbərˈsɛtsən übersetzeyːbərˈsɛtsə übersetzestyːbərˈsɛtsəst übersetzeyːbərˈsɛtsə übersetzenyːbərˈsɛtsən übersetzetyːbərˈsɛtsət übersetzenyːbərˈsɛtsən übersetzteyːbərˈsɛtsə übersetztestyːbərˈsɛtstəst übersetzteyːbərˈsɛtsə übersetzenyːbərˈsɛtstən übersetztetyːbərˈsɛtstət übersetzenyːbərˈsɛtsən übersetzeyːbərˈsɛtsə or übersetzyːbərˈsɛts übersetztyːbərˈsɛtst to translate